In early 2026, research focused on the Rawalpindi region (Pothwar plateau) highlights a landscape struggling with “nutrient mining” and alkaline stress. According to the Journal of Agriculture & Veterinary Science (2024) and subsequent 2025 updates, the agricultural soils of Rawalpindi are characterized by a unique set of constraints driven by their calcareous nature and rainfed (Barani) environment.+1

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🧪 1. Soil Fertility Dynamics (2024-2026)

A massive analysis of over 4,000 soil samples across Rawalpindi’s tehsils (including Gujar Khan, Taxila, and Kahuta) has revealed the following trends:

• The “Organic Matter” Crisis: Over 96% of soils are classified as poor in Soil Organic Matter (SOM), with levels typically falling below 0.86%. This is due to rapid mineralization under high temperatures and a lack of crop residue recycling.
• Alkalinity & Phosphorus Lock: Approx. 88% of soils exhibit an alkaline pH ranging from 7.5 to 8.5. This alkalinity is a “fertility trap” for Phosphorus; while the soil may contain P, it is chemically locked (precipitated with Calcium), leading to a 99% deficiency rate in plant-available Phosphorus.+1
• Potassium Stability: Unlike Nitrogen and Phosphorus, 63% to 69% of soils in the district still hold adequate levels of extractable Potassium, thanks to the presence of mica-rich clay minerals.
• Micronutrient Gaps: Recent 2025 surveys indicate emerging widespread deficiencies in Zinc (Zn) and Boron (B), which are now significantly limiting wheat and brassica yields in the Pothwar region.